Evidence-based application of self-made anti-carbon dioxide retention atomizer in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and respiratory failure / 中华危重病急救医学

To apply the concept of evidence-based nursing in the practice of inhalation therapy for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) complicated respiratory failure, introduce the application method of self-made anti-carbon dioxide retention atomizer, and to observe the application effect. Methods Patients with COPD combine respiratory failure admitted to the respiratory department of Harrison International Peace Hospital Affiliated to Hebei Medical University from May 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled. All patients received atomization inhalation therapy in addition to anti-infection and spasmolysis. By using self-made carbon dioxide retention atomizer time node, 40 patients in the prospective study using home-made carbon dioxide retention atomizer inhalation therapy from November 2018 to April 2019 were enrolled as observation group. Through evidence-based nursing strategy, the related literature at home and abroad was retrieved, to find the clinical evidence, formulation and implementation of care plan. Forty patients who received inhalation therapy with normal mask atomizer from May to October in 2018 were enrolled as the control group in the retrospective analysis. The peripheral arterial blood gas analysis indexes [pH value, arterial oxygen partial pressure (PaO2), arterial carbon dioxide partial pressure (PaCO2)], the disappearance of pulmonary asthma at 5 minutes before atomization inhalation and 20 minutes after atomization inhalation, and the patient's cooperation in treatment were compared between the two groups. Results All patients were included in the final analysis. There was no significant difference in blood gas analysis indexes between the two groups. After 20 minutes of atomization inhalation, the pH value, PaO2 and PaCO2 of the two groups were improved, and the improvement was more obvious in the observation group [pH value: 7.32±0.35 vs. 7.25±1.25, PaO2 (mmHg, 1 mmHg = 0.133 kPa) :61.50±1.55 vs. 59.50±1.05, PaCO2 (mmHg) : 43.25±1.65 vs. 49.05±1.75, all P < 0.05]. The lung asthma in the two groups was significantly improved with 20 minutes of atomization inhalation as compared with that before atomization, and the improvement of lung asthma in the observation group was significantly better than that in the control group (asthma score: 0.91±0.29 vs. 1.65±0.35, P < 0.05). The good coordination rate of the observation group was significantly higher than that of the control group [90% (36/40) vs. 70% (28/40), χ2 = 3.828, P = 0.048]. Conclusion Compared with the inhalation treatment with ordinary mask nebulizer, inhalation treatment with self-made anti-carbon dioxide retention atomizer for COPD patients with respiratory failure can reduce carbon dioxide retention, significantly improve respiratory failure symptoms and improve compliance.

Clinical effect of tongqiaoliyan traditional Chinese medicine compound atomize combined with VitalStim electric stimulation in patients with dysphagia caused by stroke / 中国医师进修杂志

Objective To observe the clinical effect of tongqiaoliyan traditional Chinese medicine compound atomize combined with VitalStim electric stimulation in patients with dysphagia caused by stroke. Methods Sixty patients with dysphagia caused by stroke from July 2016 to December 2017 were divided into electric stimulation group, atomize group and combine group by random digits table method with 20 cases each. The patients of 3 groups were treated according to different etiologies, then the patients in electric stimulation were given the VitalStim electric stimulation, the patients in atomize group were given tongqiaoliyan traditional Chinese medicine compound atomize, and the patients in combine group were given tongqiaoliyan traditional Chinese medicine compound atomize combined with VitalStim electric stimulation. The dysphagia was evaluated by drinking water test, and the curative effect was evaluated. Results The dysphagia after treatment in 3 groups was significantly improved. The improvement of dysphagia in combine group was significantly better than that in electric stimulation group and atomize group, and there was statistical difference (P<0.05). The total effective rate in combine group was significantly higher than that in electric stimulation group and atomize group: 95.0％(19/20) vs. 70.0％ (14/20) and 75.0％ (15/20), and there was statistical difference (P<0.05); and there was no statistical difference between electric stimulation group and atomize group (P>0.05). During the treatment period, none of the patients in 3 groups had obvious adverse effects. Conclusions Tongqiaoliyan traditional Chinese medicine compound atomize combined with VitalStim electric stimulation can improve the dysphagia caused by stroke, and the curative effect is better than that of monotherapy. There is no obvious adverse reaction, and the operation is convenient and the patient is easy to accept.

Controle de doenças foliares em trigo com equipamentos de pulverização de baixo volume de aplicação / Control of leaf diseases in wheat with low spray volume equipments

A utilização de equipamentos de pulverização com menor volume de aplicação no controle de doenças é uma tendência na agricultura. Portanto, este trabalho tem por objetivo determinar a eficiência de equipamentos com baixo volume de aplicação no controle de doenças foliares do trigo. O experimento foi conduzido em duas safras agrícolas e três cultivares no município de Santa Maria, RS. Os tratamentos constituíram-se de diferentes equipamentos de pulverização, sendo eles: pontas hidráulicas do tipo leque (XR 110015) e cone vazio sem indução de ar (TX-VK6), ambos com volume de aplicação de 120L ha-1, atomizadores rotativos de discos, utilizando baixo volume oleoso (BVO(r)), com volumes de aplicação de 24L ha-1 e 34L ha-1 e uma testemunha sem aplicação. As gotas geradas pelos equipamentos (densidade, diâmetro mediano volumétrico) foram avaliadas através da utilização de papéis hidrosensíveis. Também foram avaliadas a severidade da mancha amarela e da ferrugem da folha. A utilização de bicos hidráulicos com volume de aplicação de 120L ha-1 apresentaram as maiores eficiências no controle das doenças. O atomizador rotativo de discos com volume de aplicação de 34L ha-1 apresentou eficiência no controle das doenças semelhantes ao bico hidráulico. A densidade de gotas foi superior a 40 gotas cm-2 em todos os tratamentos, mesmo nos tratamentos com atomizadores rotativos de disco com baixo volume de aplicação. O controle das doenças não apresentou relação direta com a cobertura mensurada pelos cartões hidrosensíveis.

The use of spraying equipments with lower spray volume at disease control is a tendency in agriculture. The study aimed to determinate the efficiency of low spray volume at the wheat leaf diseases control. The experiment was carried during two harvest years and three cultivars in Santa Maria, RS. The treatments were constituted of different spraying equipments: hydraulic nozzle (XR 110015) and hollow cone (TX-VK6), both with spray volume of 120L ha-1, rotary-disk atomizer using low volume in oil, with spray volume of 24L ha-1 and 34L ha-1 and a control treatment without application. The droplets generated by the equipments (density, medium volumetric diameter) were evaluated throughout the use of water sensible cards. Also were evaluated the yellow leaf blight and leaf rust. The use of hydraulic nozzle at spray volume of 120L ha-1 showed higher efficiency on the disease control. The rotary-disk atomizer with spray volume of 34L ha-1 showed similar efficiency in the disease control of hydraulic nozzle. The droplet density was superior to 40 droplets cm-2 in all treatments, also at the rotary-disk treatments with low pulverization rates. The disease control did not show direct relation with the coverage measured by the water sensible cards.

Utilización del atomizador intranasal para la administración de Midazolam en emergencias pediátricas / Use of intranasal spray for Midazolam administration in pediatric emergencies

Introducción: La administración de midazolam por atomizador nasal podría ser eficaz y segura en emergencias pediátricas. Objetivos: describir la administración de midazolam utilizando el atomizador nasal; conocer las complicaciones asociadas. Métodos: Diseño: descriptivo, prospectivo. Pacientes que recibieron midazolam mediante MAD®, entre el 01/08/2007 y el 30/03/2008. Resultados: el dispositivo fue usado 28 veces; niños con edad media de 38 meses, 64% de sexo masculino. Motivos de uso: procedimientos 71,43% y convulsiones 28,57%. Procedimientos: la media de dosis utilizada fue 0,27mg/kg, la media de comienzo de acción 3 minutos. En las convulsiones febriles, luego de fracasar la búsqueda de un acceso endovenoso, se procedió a la administración de la droga por MAD® siendo el tiempo medio desde el inicio del episodio convulsivo hasta el comienzo de la administración de la droga de 3.42 minutos y la dosis media 0.3 mg/kg. No se observaron complicaciones. Conclusiones:1) la administración de midazolam por el atomizador nasal es segura y eficaz; 2) no hubo complicaciones.

Introduction: Midazolam administration using an intranasal spray (MAD®) may be efficacious and safe in pediatric emer-gencies. Objectives: 1) To describe midazolam administration using an intranasal atomizer. 2) To assess the complications associated with intranasal midazolam. Methods: Design: A descriptive and prospective study in patients who were ad-ministered midazolam via MAD® between 01/08/2007 and 30/03/2008. Results: Intranasal midazolam was used 28 times in children with a mean age of 38 months (SD 28.44); 64% were boys. Reasons for administrartion were: Procedures in 71.43% (n=20) and seizures in 28.57% (n=8). Procedures: Mean dose used was 0.27 mg/kg (SD 0.35), and mean time to effect onset was 3 minutes (SD 3.5). In febrile seizures, after search for intravenous access had failed, midazolam was administered using MAD® with a mean time interval between seizure onset and drug administration of 3.42 (SD 6.61) min-utes and at a mean dose of 0.3 mg/kg. No complications were observed. Conclusions: 1) Intranasal midazolam administration was safe and efficacious. 2) No complications were observed.

Aplicação aérea de fungicidas na cultura do arroz irrigado com diferentes bicos de pulverização / Aerial fungicide application on irrigated lowland rice with varying spraying nozzles

Na safra agrícola 2007/2008, foi realizado um estudo com o objetivo de avaliar a deposição e penetração de gotas através de cartões hidrossensíveis e análise cromatográfica. Para isso, utilizaram-se o bico eletrostático, bico hidráulico e atomizadores rotativos de discos com diferentes volumes de calda. As pulverizações foram realizadas no estádio R3 da cultura, com aeronave Ipanema EMB-202, aplicando-se fungicida trifloxistrobina + propiconazole. Através da leitura de cartões hidrossensíveis, determinou-se a densidade de gotas, o diâmetro médio numérico, diâmetro médio volumétrico, amplitude relativa e a penetração de gotas no dossel (%). Também foi utilizada a análise cromatográfica para determinar a penetração do produto no alvo biológico. O bico hidráulico, com taxa de aplicação de 20L ha-1 e 30L ha-1, e o bico eletrostático, com taxa de aplicação de 10L ha-1, obtiveram maior densidade de gotas no terço superior. O uso de atomizadores rotativos de disco com volume de calda de 15L ha-1 apresentou maior densidade de gotas no terço médio e inferior. Para diâmetro médio volumétrico, os bicos eletrostáticos juntamente com os atomizadores rotativos de discos apresentaram os menores valores. A maior homogeneidade de gotas no terço superior foi obtida com atomizadores rotativos de disco com taxa de aplicação de 6L ha-1 e 10L ha-¹. A análise cromatográfica mostrou que a maior quantidade de produto foi retida com bicos eletrostáticos com taxa de aplicação de 10L ha- ¹ no extrato inferior da planta.

In the harvest year of 2007/2008 a study was carried to evaluate the droplets deposition and penetration throughout water sensible cards and gas chromatographic analysis. Were used the hydraulic nozzle, electrostatic nozzle and rotary-disk atomizer spraying systems, with different volumes of spray solution. Aerial applications were performed at R3 stage using the aircraft Ipanema EMB-202 and the fungicide trifloxystrobin + propiconazole. Throughout the lection of the water sensible cards was determinate the droplet density, the medium numeric diameter, the medium volumetric diameter, the relative amplitude and the percentage of droplet penetration in the canopy. Chromatographic analysis was also performed to determinate the fungicide penetration into the biological target. The pulverization systems hydraulic nozzle 20L ha-1 and 30L ha-1 and the electrostatic system 10L ha-1 demonstrated higher droplet density in the upper third. The rotary-disk atomizer 15L ha-1 showed higher droplet density in the mid and low third. To the medium volumetric diameter, the electrostatic nozzles and the rotary-disk atomizer showed the lowest values. The higher homogeneity in the upper third was attained with rotary-disk atomizer at the pulverization rates of 6L ha-1 and 10L ha-1. The chromatographic analysis showed that the higher quantity of product retention was obtained with the electrostatic system at the pulverization rate of 10L ha-1 in the lower plant extract.

Determination of Tellurium by Atomic Fluorescence Spectrometry Based on Dielectric Barrier Discharge Atomizer / 分析化学

A method has been developed for the determination of tellurium(Te) in soil by hydride generation(HG) atomic fluorescence spectrometry(AFS) based on dielectric barrier discharge(DBD) plasma as low-temperature atomizer. The samples were dissolved by aqua regior acid without matrix separation. The characteristics of the DBD atomizer and the effects of different experimental parameters, such as discharge power, flow rates of discharge gas and AFS carrier gas, lamp current, negative high voltage, observation height, KBH4 concentration and acid medium on the determination were studied and the analytical performances of the present method were evaluated. The detection limit of Te was 0.08 μg/L. The linear range was from 0.5 to 80 μg/L. Recoveries of spiked sample was from 90% to 103 %. The accuracy of this method was verified by the determination of Te in the reference materials. The results agreed well with the reference values.